Niger River essays

Niger River articles The Niger River is situated in West Africa. It is 2,590 miles in length, the third biggest waterway in Africa. The mouth of the stream begins in the Gulf of Guinea. This waterway goes however six nations Guinea, Nigeria, Mali, Jebba, Ontisha, and Niger. It likewise hits eight significant urban areas in this streams way. These urban communities are as named Niana, Timbuktu, Gao, Bonny, Nembe, Onitsha, Malnville, and Niamey. The city Tembakounda is the inception of the Niger. Tembakounda lies in the tropical good countries of Guinea, 200 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger River streams northeastward through meadows into Mali, at that point to Sahel an earthy colored desert-like territory. The Niger at that point does just about a ninety degree turn southeast, entering the Republic of Niger, for some time going about as the limit between that republic and Dahomey. The waterway enters the wilderness again in Nigeria, arriving at the Atlantic through quantities of marshes and estuar ies. There is parts agribusiness on the Niger River. A portion of the things developed are sorghum, sweet potatoes, cassava, tobacco, peanuts, millet fields, rearing reason for fish, cocoa, groundnuts, bananas, oil palm items, maize, and rice patties. Angling pontoons, Kayaks, Paddle wheelers, Cargo ships and vessels, Dugout kayaks and reed pontoons are the method of transportation on the stream. There is just a single two-path interstate on the stream and there are no railways. Drinking water from the Niger River, which is provided from wells that tap into underground water tables, isn't generally sound. There is a waterborne illness that generally causes parasites. Lodging close to the stream are typically mud cottages with straw rooftops. The attire is normally splendidly hued textures, cotton shirts and jeans, skullcap and fez caps. Nourishments eaten around there are regularly rice, bubbled chicken, stew, millet porridge, fish, and peanuts During the flooding seasons the Niger River broadens up to sixty miles. The flood changes the dry dusty land in to prolific green fields. Lakes and streams cov... <!

Accident Investigation :: Essays Papers

Mishap Investigation Airplane Investigation Every setback has their own attributes and there is not a viable replacement for classic presence of mind and activity. Each destroyed airplane has it’s own story to tell if appropriately examined. Anyway Air Force rules rush to call attention to that agents in their enthusiasm search out the causes, regularly disregard safe examination practices and basic security precautionary measures. Aviation based armed forces Investigators are perhaps in significantly progressively troublesome situation because of the risks that are extraordinary to the military war battling machines, I’ll examine a couple of these dangers quickly before I get into the means of Air Force mishap examinations. Weapons Outrageous consideration must be given to the weapons that may have been ready the airplane. Because the ammo seems, by all accounts, to be harmed past being risky the scarcest measure of friction based electricity from apparel may explode weapons. Prior to beginning an examination of any sort, get the rundown of weapons on board and have the unstable statute removal (EOD) group expel or latent them. Again excitement must be controlled and situational mindfulness must be practiced to be watching out for those weapons that might not have been recuperated. Likewise, however monotonous, the areas of all weapons should be noted, as they will hold signs also. The discharge seats can likewise introduce outrageous threats to undeveloped and imprudent examiner. Poisons Hydrazine. It’s a word that strikes dread in all that know about it. New age airplane, for example, the F-16 use hydrazine for crisis power supplies. It would seem that an unmistakable slick substance that scents like smelling salts. A portion of the impacts hydrazine can have on the human body include: liver harm, visual deficiency, skin consumes, and delay introduction might be deadly. Just base bioenvironmental engineers are sufficiently qualified to appropriately deal with it. Materials Likewise to some degree exceptional yet is step by step discovering its way into the business side of aeronautics is the utilization of high composite materials alongside extraordinary metals utilized in the push to fortify, however to help the general load of the airframe. The composites utilized with most recurrence today are boron, graphite and Kevlar. Every one of these materials has their own attributes and should be maneuvered carefully. While in its completed structure Kevlar is truly steady, boron and graphite must be dealt with extraordinary consideration to abstain from taking in dust made when the structures become harmed. Boron strands can puncture through skin and stay imbedded inconclusively and can't be expelled effectively causing serious diseases.

Attributes and Primary Keys of the ERD Coursework

Traits and Primary Keys of the ERD - Coursework Example SoniDream is the organization, framing one of the elements. Inside it, there a few different substances, got from their different characteristics. I, in this way, consider how every one of the accompanying has various qualities from the other (Moreira et al. 2013, p.455). Â The organization, with the fundamental office headquartered in London. An organization as an element must have characteristics, for example, physical area. For this situation, its physical location in London. An organization should likewise have the individuals who run it. Utilizing this information, I recognized individuals from staff who fall into various classifications and assume various jobs. They incorporate studio directors, sound specialists, and van drivers. Â Recording studios circulated over various pieces of London. Studios are fixed elements and must, in this manner, have their physical areas. For this situation of the studios are in London and the other 8 are situated in various pieces of the UK. Â Equipment utilized in the studio is an element and must be included various pieces. For this situation, they included recorder, blending work areas, studio screens, controllers, amplifiers, converters, instruments, and other music embellishments. The various substances are joined by various connections. Â 3. I distinguished the primary relationship types for SonicDream utilizing a various leveled request. A relationship type is a relationship between at least two element types. Relationship types may relate a substance type with itself. In such a case the jobs of the substance types in the relationship type will be recorded on the edges like appeared in the ERD to a limited extent 1.

The Death of Star Wars Song Essay Topics

The Death of Star Wars Song Essay Topics The True Meaning of Star Wars Song Essay Topics Consider something you're not permitted to do but wish you could. You cannot do both, since it's going to be too confusing for your readers. To get started writing an excellent rhetorical analysis essay, the first thing springs to mind is the rhetorical analysis essay topic ideas. There's always something bigger. Since it's one of the most popular franchise, it's possible to comprehend that the among of topics which can be covered is endless. In lots of sections of text's primary body you are going to demonstrate different contrast or compare points. That is the reason we have resolved to fix both these issues and help you compose amazing pieces at the same time. So, we've composed extensive lists of topics to give you a wide selection of choices. If you receive an assignment to compose an essay on Star Wars, it may be one of the most exciting written tasks! Finding the sum to direct such a film wasn't easy at the moment. Then, it's far better to analyze the importance of the very first trilogy in your Star Wars essays. There isn't any doubt that Star Wars is among the most epic film series that's been ever created in the American cinematography. What to Expect From Star Wars Song Essay Topics? In addition, the background instrumentation is changed up to supply extra interest. Your vet can suggest the most reputable pet medical care insurance businesses. Our book is a little step toward that. Have a veterinarian or knowledgeable friend demonstrate how to find the quick. The Dirty Facts About Star Wars Song Essay Topics Turquoise blends nicely with fashion and interior design due to its flattering qualities. However, this color is best worn while the weather is warm. The Kilt Kit was made to be tossed around. The plan of the Kilt Hanger is ideal for the full Prince Charlie outfit. New Ideas Into Star Wars Song Essay Topics Never Before Revealed Explore the blog to be aware of the points that are required to keep in mind prior to selecting topics for rhetorical analysis essay. The second important aspect to consider while selecting the rhetorical essay topics is that you've got just a little understanding about it. Try out a number of these topics. Following that, narrow down the list and decide on the last topic by researching the available info a bout the subject. The fundamental trick of making some bit of writing impressive and exciting is to concentrate on the subject of your interest. This post comprises affiliate links. Though you'll have different conclusions in the conclusion of each paragraph throughout the text, you also should have a conclusion as a distinct role in the conclusion of your essay. Keep in mind that every paragraph should end with a conclusion that is a quick sentence showing the major idea of the section. The One Thing to Do for Star Wars Song Essay Topics It's also worth to say that the film has a potential of the growth of cross-cultural tolerance. One of the absolute most important functions of film music is to produce a mood or atmosphere in order to make an aural frame of reference for viewing visual images. Even if it hasn't been finished yet, and millions of individuals are waiting for the previous film from the trilogy, there are lots of aspects presented in the very first and second movies of the trilog y which is worth studying. Write about your thoughts on the way in which the movie business has changed. There are many different streaming music platforms on the marketplace, and a few individuals might rather listen to music on other streaming music services. Within this circumstance, it's well worth examining the new characters which were presented in these movies. Here are some approaches to explore tech with these characters. This is less an issue with the way the scene is realised technically than with what's being realised. Choosing Star Wars Song Essay Topics Is Simple Now, it's not possible to ignore the function of the third trilogy which is called the sequel trilogy. Instead, the movie requires a look at how romance evolves into something different in a real-life relationship. This is a rather unorthodox romance in that there is actually not much romance in it in any respect. This isn't the scenario, for whilst the movie ends on an up beat note, the greatest threat of the Empire has not yet been neutralized, and must be taken care of in another film. It's the movie that's the epitome of movie watching. The most apparent idea that's in the movie is religion. To offer musical selection, it didn't stick to the film's chronological order. In every melodrama there's a hero and in every movie there's an impressive actor that surprises the audience by making use of their abilities. The Tried and True Method for Star Wars Song Essay Topics in Step by Step Detail Okay, to offer some analysis, there's lots of driving or undertones once we get in the Escape portion, since the Resistance is only trying to break free from the First Order. The years of training they'd go through for the war wouldn't have made them ready for the majority of the things which would be done in the 20 decades of the clone wars. You should have all pieces of the test under control before you demonstrate your skills in their complete entirety. It won't be any different than every other blood test you've received.

Analysis Of The Biography Devin Booker - 1246 Words

Devin Booker was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, on October 30, 1996. He was born to Melvin Booker and Veronica Gutierrez. His father, Melvin Booker, was named the 1994 Big Eight player of the year while point guard at the University of Missouri. Booker was in Michigan, while his father was pursuing a professional career overseas. Devin visited his father two months out of the year while he was on summer break. At an early age, Devin was taught by his father that having a basketball IQ was more important than natural athleticism. While Devin was in Michigan, he had played for the freshman, junior varsity, and varsity basketball teams at Grandville High School, in Grand Rapids. But Booker then moved to Mississippi, to live with his father, after his retirement from professional basketball. He had then enrolled into Moss Point High School, where his father was an assistant coach, in August of 2011. Early on Booker was a high school standout. As a sophomore he had developed into one of the best guards in the coastal area of the gulf. He had averaged 22.7 points per game. He also had been drawing interest in Mississippi State, Ole Miss, Georgetown, Florida, Georgetown, Alabama, and Missouri. Later that season Devin scored 54 points in the MLK shootout. With Devin’s sophomore season now over, it was now time for his junior campaign. With most of Moss Point’s experienced players graduating, Devin switched to the point guard position for his junior season. But later in the season

The Effects Of Canned Food On People s Health - 1414 Words

The Negative Effects of Canned Food on People s Health Zamzam Albulushi Ohio University Canned food is processed in order to increase the shelf life of certain products. It can be used to offer support to people in inaccessible areas such as military bases or people may use it at home to prepare the cooking processes easier (Callahan, 2011). While canned food has numerous benefits, increasing concerns are beginning on the safety and health implications of food with a shift from earlier concerns on the sanitation of canneries. The poor health and sanitation challenges initially associated with canned food have been progressively eliminated. This happened with the help of introduction of standards, which resulted in technology increasing efficiency and quality associated with production. Health challenges present the leading concern over canned food with matters ranging from the salt content to botulism all that have varied health implications. The chemicals associated with the packaging of food including BPA (bisphenol A) are used in the lining of food cans with the int ention being the cushioning of the can’s content and the metallic part of the can (Callahan, 2011). An additional negative impact linked with canned relates to the leakages of aluminum through the cans and thus contaminate the food as will be discussed. Because of the packaging, canned food may have a negative influence on health and may lead to health issues such as cancer, botulism,Show MoreRelatedHealth Of Health And Nutrition1654 Words   |  7 Pagesmillions of people are at risk because they haven’t learned the basic steps of maintaining their health. Lack of health management it a big part in deaths today. Health and nutrition is a serious matter among peoples health. 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Most foods that are bought at the neighborhood grocery stores are considered global foods which are packed with additives and chemicals making them far less nutritious than local produce from the community farmer‘s market. After much research, I have concluded that it is better to buy produce which is grown locally rather than produce which is sourced globally (from other countries). I think this is important because most people, like myself, buyRead MoreHealth Of Health And Nutrition1646 Words   |  7 PagesIn America millions of people are at risk because they haven’t learned the basic steps of maintaining their health. Lack of health management it a big part in deaths today. Health and nutrition is a serious matter among peoples health. Being able to understand and maintain i s a big problem now for teens and kids, choosing on the right foods or activities to keep everything in track. Health and nutrition can also have a great effect on their social life. Health and nutrition is a important thingRead MoreFood Foods And Its Effects On Health And Lifestyle1307 Words   |  6 Pagespurchase canned vegetables or if they should walk to the produce department and instead purchase fresh vegetables. The deciding factor in that moment should be the healthier option. Why would they consider consuming the processed foods when the produce is clearly the healthier choice? For most Americans the answer is not that simple. Processed foods are the quick, inexpensive,and enjoyable way to satisfy hunger cravings. The act of processing foods consists of changing or altering a food product beforeRead MoreHomemade Spaghetti Sauce Is Cheaper From Scratch Or From A Dish?1940 Words   |  8 Pagesrather than buying a mix or packaged food item. This works well in many cases, but in others, it s actually cheaper to buy the pre-packaged item. Recently, I decided to look at whether spaghetti sauce is cheaper from scratch or from a can. Canned vs. Homemade Sp aghetti Sauce: Price Looking at price alone, it s actually an easy call. At Winco Foods, I bought 26.5-ounce can of Del Monte Mushroom Spaghetti Sauce for 78 cents. At most stores, in fact, I can find canned spaghetti sauce for one dollarRead MoreFood Processing And Food Preparation1550 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant to note the difference between food processing and food preparation. Food processing in this context primarily refers to the commercial, industrial sense – a series of scientific and technological processes implemented; changing foods from their raw state to extend its shelf-life or enhance its flavours through use of preservatives, food additives and other substances. In this way, the natural decaying process is slowed down and the eating quality of the food is customized in an expected and fixedRead MoreRussell County Coalition Case Analysis1526 Words   |  7 Pageswithin Russell County, Kentucky. These resources include clothing, canned, and dry goods found within local food banks and clothing from church ran clothing centers. It is the mission of the Coalition to improve the quality of life for low-income individuals in the Russell County, Kentucky area. The program will do this by assisting low-income individuals and families within Russell County with food, and clothing and transport the food and clothing to individuals and families in need that do not haveRead MoreThe World Is Witnessing A Food Revolution1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe world is witnessing a food revolution. Man s way of producing food has evolved from hunting and gathering to conventional farming, to now using genetic engineering to produce GMOs, otherwise known as Genetically Modified Organisms. Genetically modified foods are a topic of controversy among many in the United States and around the world today. Debates arise regarding the use of GMOs and the safety of them, but what exactly is a GMO? GMOs are crops whose genes have been artificially manipulatedRead MoreThe Health Implications Of Food Foods1296 Words   |  6 Pagesprocessed foods at fast foods restaurants. People do not have to go far to find one. They are conveniently accessible throughout America. These chain restaurants have redefined the definition what a meal consist of, and therefore, have helped contribute to a society of unhealthy people addicted to processed foods. In order to create a society of healthy individuals, people need to alter their eating habits in a positive way by developing a greater understanding of the negative effects these fast

A Dream Deferred Essay Example For Students

A Dream Deferred Essay While Langhston Hughes authors this poem, A Dream Deferred, it can easily be interpreted as Toni Morrison s description of Nel and her life of sorrow and dissatisfaction. Sula and Nel, the protagonists in Toni Morrison s Sula, are each the only daughters of mothers whose distance leaves the young girls with dreams to erase this solitude and loneliness. There is no question that Sula alleviates this aloneness with a lascivious and experimental life, â€Å"I m going down like one of those redwoods. I sure did live in this world†(143). Nel, however, for the most part, fails terribly at realizing her dreams and experiencing a happy existence. Compromising her individuality, her emotional stability, and her dreams mark Nel s banal and unfulfilling life. Early in Nel s life during a trip to New Orleans, she watches as her mother is humiliated by a train s white, racist conductor; she watches the indignity of her mother s having to squat in an open field to urinate while white train passengers gaze; and she watches her mother s shame at her own Creole mother s libidinous lifestyle. Her mother s submissiveness and humiliation evokes a fear, an anger, and an energy in Nel. Her emotions intensify as she makes a declaration to never be her mother, to never compromise her individuality, â€Å"I m me. I m not their daughter. I m not Nel. I m me. Me†(28). Figuring that her â€Å"me-ness† will take her far, she exclaims â€Å"I want I want to be wonderful†(29). However, that trip to Louisiana â€Å"was the last as well as the first time she was ever to leave Medallion†(29). Initially, Nel s self-declaration empowers her to pursue that dream of independence. She gathers power and joy, and â€Å"the strength to cultivate a friend in spite of mother†(29). Nel achieves a degree of her self-described â€Å"me-ness,† her dream, a separation from her subservient and disgraceful mother, resulting in a new found complacency, â€Å"Nel, who regarded the oppressive neatness of her home with dread, felt comfortable in it with Sula†(29). This happiness was present in both girls, â€Å"Their meeting was fortunate for it let them use each other to grow on†(49). Unfortunately, as she left Medallion only one time, Nel would discover and enjoy this â€Å"me-ness† only one time. With her marriage to Jude, Nel abandons any dreams of â€Å"me-ness†. She is chosen as Jude s wife, a sign of ownership or possession; she does not choose to be Jude s wife. Nel hopes that Jude s dreams â€Å"of being taken (for a job on the road crew). Not just for the good money, more for the work itself†(81) and that â€Å"he wanted someone to care about his hurt†(82) will become hers, â€Å"She seemed receptive, but hardly anxious†(82). However, by trying to accommodate and understand Jude s desires and hurt, she must compromise her own dreams of individualism. Therefore, Nel is forced, although she never openly objects, into the role of a housewife. Against all of her dreams, she has become the dreaded role of her mother, a traditional black housewife contented by children, her husband, and whatever the townsfolk deemed proper and acceptable. This transformation into her mother exemplifies Nel s loss of individuality. In fact, Nel s independence dissolves to the extent that she cannot recognize herself, â€Å"She didn t even know she had a neck until Jude remarked on it, or that her smile was anything but the spreading of her lips†(84). Even Toni Morrison admits that Nel has lost her â€Å"me-ness†, â€Å"The two of them together would make one Jude†(83). When Jude leaves, after his betrayal with Sula, Nel suffers emotional torment and further problems from her failure to achieve â€Å"me-ness†. It is at this juncture in the work that Toni Morrison employs a unique image to represent Nel s dream: The mud shifted, the leaves stirred, the smell of overripe green things enveloped her and announced the beginnings of her very own howl. The odor evaporated; the leaves were still, the mud settled. And finally there was nothing, just a flake of something dry and nasty in her throat. .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 , .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 .postImageUrl , .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 , .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905:hover , .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905:visited , .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905:active { border:0!important; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905:active , .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905 .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3e8134384dbb789c98be753c57732905:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dream School EssayShe stood up frightened. There was something just to the right of her, in the air, just out of view. She could not see it, but she knew exactly what it looked like. A gray ball hovering just there. .. Quiet, gray dirty ball. A ball of muddy strings, but without weight. She knew she could not look (109) This passage illustrates Nel s anguish and feelings of failure. The motion and progress of the mud and the leaves in the first paragraph as well as the odor of â€Å"green overripe things† represent the hope and action that Nel once had with her â€Å"me-ness†. Additionally, the â€Å"howl† parallels Nel s former readiness and energy to commence her journey for individuality. However, as the â€Å"odor evaporated†, â€Å"leaves were still†, and â€Å"mud settled†, so does Nel s dream fester like a sore. Until there is nothing left, except a harsh reminder of what once was, â€Å"something dry and nasty in her throat†. Once again she is frightened as she was when she watched her mother s humiliation and submissiveness and made her bold self-declaration of â€Å"me-ness†. This time, however, she is scared that her dream is lost, but she can sense that it still exists although she cannot see it. It is a â€Å"gray dirty ball† with a little substance, but â€Å"no weight†. The ball corresponds to her dream, which still survives, but her dream is nearly dead, with â€Å"no weight†. Twenty-five years later after Sula s death, Nel realizes that she allowed herself to defer her dream until it is too late. Once again, Morrison, utilizes a gray ball with images of leaves and mud to establish the death of Nel s â€Å"me-ness†. â€Å"Leaves stirred; mud shifted; there was the smell of overripe green things. A soft ball of fur broke and scattered like dandelion spores in the breeze†(174). Finally, the dream explodes, and Nel can only reflect. She has wasted opportunities for self-discovery and happiness while her closest friend experienced individuality and joy. After visiting Sula s grave, Nel grasps how crucial Sula was, and how much she coveted Sula s company and lifestyle. As the story closes with her dreams only a figment of her childhood with Sula, Nel breaks down, â€Å"It was a fine cry-loud and long- but it had no bottom and it had no top, just circles and circles of sorrow†(174). Nel had lived like the book ends with â€Å"circles and circles of sorrow†, like a dream deferred.

Meteorite or Puck Hunt Autonomous Mobile Robot

Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Meteorite or Puck Hunt: Autonomous Mobile Robot specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction The creation of the autonomous mobile robot (AMB) project is the most important branch of the unit, HES 1305 ROBOTICS AND MECHATRONICS PROJECT 2. The plan, design, building, programming, testing, as well as debugging the different components of the project, would involve teams which consist of three members. The purpose of the autonomous mobile robot would be to travel through a maze while avoiding going over the wall of the maze. In addition, the AMB would also be required to look for certain types of â€Å"pucks or meteorites† that would be identified by their colours, in a mission, which is simulated, in Antarctica. As a result of the intricacies of the predicted settings, the AMB would be required to carry and place the meteorites or pucks in their respective base camps; they should not be thrown or rolled on the ground. In addition, the robots would not be allowed to get rid of unwanted pucks from the camps, or destroy other robots. The project is in fact a competition pitting different teams against one another. Each team would provide one robot in the competition area to collect as many meteorites and place them in the specified camps. The teachers and staff of Swinburne University provided all the sensors, LEGO parts, software, and actuators. The Method Of Design Design Philosophy One vital building block of artificial intelligence involves creation of a robot that has the ability to function under diverse and indeterminate environments, while under partial supervision. The Development of the Design Being the first time that we are taking part in this type of competition, we decide to work out a plan that would help us develop the autonomous mobile robot in the given surroundings.Advertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if w e can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The most important part of the design involved coming up with a solution that would help the robot grab and flip over the meteorite or puck. After that, we had to go backwards with the intention of building a structure that could support all the equipment, actuators, and sensors, in order to produce a practical robot in the contest atmosphere. Design Process Hardware Part – (Name of Team member who handled this part) Handy board Autonomous robot control is usually attained by means of a Handy Board [Martin 2001]. The Handy Board was found to be a battery-powered and hand-held microcontroller board. It was perfect for both educational and personal robotics projects. It was based on the structure and functions of the Motorola 68HC11 microprocessor. Figure I The Handy Board contained the following parts: Processor: Motorola 68HC11 8-bit microcontroller with 2MHz speed RAM: 32KB battery-backed fixed RAM Scree n: 16Ãâ€"2 character LCD display unit Four 1A motors support 6 Servo motor controllers 9 Analog and 7 Digital inputs 16 Analog and 8 Digital outputs Infrared I/O capabilities Serial interface capacities Sound output 11cm x 8.5cm x 5.25 cm (L x W x H – with LCD screen, expansion board, and battery) Figure IIAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on Meteorite or Puck Hunt: Autonomous Mobile Robot specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Handy Board manages Interactive C (IC). The Interactive C is a custom-made version of ANSI C programming language. Interactive C is the most widely held compiler software that is made use of with the Handy Board. In addition, the Interactive C software is a multi-tasking compiler; it has a user command line that is used for dynamic expression evaluation and compilation (Martin, 2001). The IC is sustained by the Kiss Institute for Practical Robotics (KIPR). The figure above (figure II ), demonstrates the running of the IC compiler on Windows XP. Procedure followed for programming the Handy Board using Interactive C Step 1: The Handy Board was connected to the computer using either the Serial Interface or the USB. Step 2: The wall adapter was then used to supply power to the Handy Board. Step 3: Afterwards, the Interactive C compiler software was launched on the computer. Step 4: The board was then initialized with firmware. This was achieved by holding Handy board in a unique bootstrap download mode and then clicking on the download firmware found on the tools menu of the IC compiler software.Advertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Step 5: After completion of downloading the firmware, the Handy Board beeped, and the Interactive C welcome message appeared on the LCD screen of the Handy Board. This means that the Interactive C is now ready for use. After finishing configuring the system, we are now ready to write the necessary programs using Interactive C IDE software. Then later, we would compile it, and after that download it on to the Handy Board that will run that program. Sensors Each LEGO kit was supplied with the following sensors: Item Quantity Red LED 1 Blue LED 1 Phototransistor 4 Servo Motor 1 IR(Infra Red) Emitter/Detector 2 Micro switch 4 Combined Lego Motor Gearbox 4 Potentiometer 2 IR Range Finder (Sharp GP2D02) 1 Shaft Encoder 2 Table I Out of all these sensors, our interest and use will be limited to Combined Lego Motor Gearbox, Micro switch, Shaft Encoder, Phototransistor, LEDs, as well as IR Emitter/Detector. LED is the short form of a light-emitting diode. Just lik e the name suggests, an LED is basically a diode that gives off light. The difference between LEDs and other incandescent bulbs: LEDs are different from ordinary incandescent bulbs in the sense that they are short of a filament, which burns out. As a result, they do not get especially hot. They are solely lighted up by the motion of electrons in a semiconducting material. In addition, they could last as long as a typical transistor. Advantages: The use of LEDs endows the user with a number of advantages in comparison to the use of regular incandescent sources of light. Some of these advantages include enhanced robustness, lower consumption of energy, longer lifetime, greater durability, smaller size, improved reliability and faster switching (Jones, Flynn Seiger. 1999; Papert Harel, 1991). How LEDs work? Figure III When an LED is switched on, i.e. forward biased, electrons in the PN Junction are capable of recombining with the holes found within the device. As a result, energy is released in the form of photons. Consequently, the energy gap of the semiconductor has some bearing on the colour of the light, or the wavelength of the radiation. This is to mean that doping has some bearing on the wavelength of the Electromagnetic radiation which will be given off. In general, light-emitting diodes are usually made from substrates of Aluminium-gallium-arsenide (AlGaAs). From Electromagnetic spectrum, the wavelength for red is normally between 620 and 750 nm, while that for blue is between 450 and 475 nm. In other words, Red LED and Blue LED means that their doping components are such that the emitted wavelengths range between 620 and 750 nm, and between 450 and 475 nm in that order. Figure IV LEDs have two major uses; visual indicators and light emitters. As visual indicators, they detect the presence of things. When used as light emitters, they are usually detected by other detectors, such as phototransistors and photodiodes. Interestingly, they can be used as narrow band light sensors. Here, they operate in the reverse-bias mode. They act in response to incident light as opposed to emitting light. Phototransistor: Figure V A phototransistor can be described as a transistor that operates differently from common transistors. Unlike common transistors, whose operation modes are under the control of the applied input voltage, the operation mode of the phototransistor is can be directed by light, or the wavelength of the light. The structure of a phototransistor varies from that of a common transistor, at least in two distinct ways; While the phototransistor has a transparent window that allows light to shine on the junctions, ordinary transistors do not have such windows. An ordinary transistor has more surface area than a phototransistor, hence is able to maximize the area of light capture. When the junction is struck by light photons, there is formation of a base current. As a result, the received power is converted into a collector cur rent by the phototransistor. The phototransistor that comes with the LEGO kit has its peak response at 850 nm and its spectral sensitivity is higher than 30 per cent for light radiation that ranges between 6oo nm and 900 nm. The achievement of different gain and frequency of operation (bandwidth) is dependent on the amplifiers, or circuits, formed with these phototransistors. The positive thing that is exhibited is that the frequency and gain response is reliant on the light and its wavelength. Infra Red (IR) Emitter/Detector: The infrared emitter or detector is a circuit that is created using LEDs and phototransistors (Martin, 1994). The purpose of the IR emitter/detector is either to give off or to detect infrared radiation. An extremely fundamental infra red emitter/detector circuit is shown and described below. Figure VI This custom made circuit has one disadvantage; the use of this custom made circuit means that the ambient infra red light would constrain its detecting devices (Martin, 1994). The IR emitter/Detector that came with the LEGO kit had its peak response at 940 nm, with peak sensitivity for about 880 nm wavelengths. The IR Emitter/Detector has found many uses in robotics; it can be used for colour detection, transmitters, motion detection, obstacle detection, and encoders. Shaft Encoder: Shaft encoders can also be referred to as rotary encoders. In essence, it is an electro-mechanical piece of equipment that translates the total amount of mechanical rotation, or angle, into a corresponding amount of current (Sutton Barto, 1998). As a result, knowledge in relation to the amount of current offers information regarding the amount of rotation of the shaft, or the wheel connected to the shaft. In general, there exists, two kinds of shaft or rotary encoders; Absolute shaft encoders These types of encoders are the ones that provide us with information regarding the complete angle of rotation of the shaft. The digital type of absolute shaft encode rs generates distinctive digital code for each different angle of the shaft. There exist two fundamental kinds of absolute digital rotary encoders. These are optical encoders and mechanical encoders. Incremental shaft encoders These types of rotary encoders are the ones that provide us with information regarding the angles or rotations with regard to their previous states. The angles of rotation that are provided by the shaft encoders are in coded form. The two available and most popular methods used for encoding are Gray encoding and standard binary encoding. It is worth noting that for all advanced jobs, which involve the rotation of the wheel, there must be a feedback mechanism that comes from the wheels. As a result, it is vital that the control program is aware of the extent to which the wheel would rotate to with the intention of either altering the speed of rotation of the different wheels, or simply making sure that the vehicle is motionless and no unknown force is acti ng on it. This is basically the reason why shaft encoders are employed. Micro switch: Figure VII A micro switch can also be referred to by its technical name, miniature snap-action switch. As implied by its name, the micro switch is a switch that calls for a comparatively miniature movement of the actuator button, with the intention of producing a relatively large amount of high velocity motion of the electrical contacts in spite of the speed of actuation. Micro switches are popular and their use is widespread. This is attributed to their relatively low cost, as well as high durability. They undergo more than one million cycles; for heavy duty models, this may go up to ten million cycles. There are many places and gadgets that require micro switches for proper functioning. Some of these areas include machinery, vehicles, industrial controls, appliances, and numerous other areas for control of electrical circuits. Some common but particular areas where micro switches are employed in clude the door interlock systems on microwave ovens, safety and levelling switches in elevators, detection of faults in photocopiers, such as paper jams, and vending machines. Miniature snap-action switches are frequently made use of in tamper switches on gate valves of fire sprinkler systems, in addition to other water piping systems. In this application, it is vital to be conscious of whether valve has been shut, or it is open. Combined Lego Motor Gearbox: Figure VIII There are DC motors that were provided in Lego kit. These motors are great for building robots in view of the fact that they are powerful and compact. They normally rotate at thousands of rotations per minute. Nevertheless, most electric motors are in actual fact lacking in torque. In other words, this can be attributed to the fact that they cannot push incredibly hard. If hooked directly up to the motor’s shaft, we can note that it can hardly rotate the wheel, let alone nudge a whole robot. Despite the fact that they have inadequate torque, what they do have in plenty, is speed. In reality, if the shaft is running freely, it can rotate at a rate of numerous thousands revolutions per minute. As a result, this speed is much faster than what one wants for a robot to drive in any case. Therefore, we could do with gearboxes with the intention of trading some of this unnecessary speed for additional torque. Figure IX The LEGO system is composed of a wide range of gears with varying functions (Brooks, 1986). On the other hand, for universal purposes, 8, 24, and 40-tooth gears can be employed. These are the easiest and most efficient to utilize of the group for the reason that their diameters are selected, such that they can be interlocked with one another at standard LEGO distances. Through gear reductions, one is able to translate speed into torque (or the other way round by application of this technique in reverse). Suppose an 8-tooth gear is employed in turning a 24-tooth gear. Given tha t the smaller gear is required to rotate three times in order to turn the large gear once, the axle with the 8-tooth gear spins faster than the other. As a result of this exchange for this reduction in speed, the axle is now able to apply three times as much torque. Consequently, this generates a gear reduction ratio of 3:1. This implies that we are relinquishing a factor of three of speed and swapping it over for production of three times the torque. Lego parts Figure X Each component of the LEGO has its work cut out for it (Overmars. 2000). A number of those components are available and are simply used to join two parts that are not able to be stick together with one another. A number of other parts, for instance rollers, are supposed to hook up the wheels with a few other parts of the robot with the intention of making the wheels move with mush ease. What is more, a number of parts are large in size, which could be utilized as the base of the robot; therefore, we could place man y parts on. In addition, they could be used to connect parts that are relatively far away in distance from each other. A good number of the components that we employed in the creation of our robot were the thick red bars and long red bars that assisted us in connection between the wheels. Into the bargain, we used the big bars that have a large area to make use of it as the base of our robot. Furthermore, we could include on those big bars with the broad areas handy board, the battery, and a number of small components that could furnish a better look to our robot. In addition, we made use of the linking parts to a large extent that is on grey to join the parts which we experienced a few difficulties in connecting them together. Assembly Part – (Name of team member who did this part) Grabbing Mechanism The hardest part of the whole project was finding a solution to the problem of grabbing flip over the puck. So as to come across a superior and realistic arm, we stumbled upon a possible like way out on the internet (Williamson, 1998). The ultimate form of the grabbing piece of equipment has two motors; the work of one of the motors was to spin the arm, while the other motor had to push the meteorite aside. Chassis The chassis had to have enough strong in order to give support to handy board, batteries, and all the other sensors that the robot needed. Figure XI Sensors (Name of team member who did this part) It is worth noting that sensors are the most significant components of the robot (â€Å"How to Make a Robot – Lesson 7: Using Sensors†, 2011). When robots have them, they are able to feel, look at and make out the disparity in their surroundings. To enable the robot to verify whether there existed a puck or meteorite in the vicinity of the loading area, we employed one blue led as well as one phototransistor. The purpose of the blue LED was to give off a light beam that would be used by the phototransistor. There are cases when the beam light would be broken; this means that a puck or meteorite is in the loading region. After verifying this and finding a puck in the region, the function of the second phototransistor was to verify the colour of the puck. Readings ranged from 50 to 185 for the red puck. On the other hand, readings were larger than 200 for blue puck. The function of the third phototransistor was to rummage around for the base light with the intention of finding a way back to the base. In case the indicated value was less than 10, this showed the correct direction to the base. An infra red (IR) emitter/detector was made use of with the purpose of determining the exact location of the base. In case the indicated value was higher than 236, then the location of the black line and subsequently, the location of the goal area was illustrated. In addition, the Infra red (IR) range finder was employed in the verification of the ultimate position of the goal area. Lastly, the 4 micro switches were used to †Å"feel† the obstacles as the robot moved around. Motors and the Motor drive mechanism As a result of restriction on the available materials and constituent parts of LEGO, the drive mechanism was made to order for two motors. Figure XII The steering mechanism of the robot was very heavy. The robot used big wheels at the front, and small ones at the rear. The option of making use of rear small wheels was attributed to minimising friction, as well as having a good manoeuvrability. The robot created had major strength; it was very robust. The robustness of the robot ensured that it continued to manoeuvre in every environment it was subjected to. Conclusion This project report has covered all the things the team worked on in the hope of producing a successful robot. In addition, the report also looked at the constituent parts that were used to create the robot, and how the team employed them with the aim of building a physically powerful and innovative robot that could not be easi ly damaged or broken. In addition to that, the project report offers a number of concise ideas in relation to the Interactive C (IC) program and the Handy board. The IC program was used to program the robot so that it could be able to perform the mission as the team wanted it to do. I believe that this activity was an extremely interesting experience. The fact that were could be responsible for creation of a robot that could do a fine job by holding a verifying, collecting and putting a puck in its rightful place as the required by the task. The only initial challenge we faced was the manner in which we could thrust the arms of the robot into the exact place, and how the team could make them turn. This was soon overcome and the team successfully completed the task. References Brooks. R.A. (1986) A robust layered control system for a mobile robot. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, RA-2:14–23. â€Å"How to Make a Robot – Lesson 7: Using Sensors.† (2011) [WW W] Go Robotics. Availalble from  https://www.robotshop.com/community/blog?page=1 . Jones, J.L., Flynn, A. M. and Seiger, B.A., 1999. Mobile Robots: Inspiration to Implementation. Massachusetts: A K Peters, Ltd. Martin, F.G., 2001. Robotic Explorations: a Hands-on Introduction to Engineering. Massachusetts: Prentice Hall. Martin, F.G.,1994. Circuits to Control: Learning Engineering by Designing LEGO Robots, doctoral dissertation, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. McKerrow, P.J., 1993. Introduction to Robotics. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Overmars, M., 2000. Lego robots tips and tricks. [WWW] Web. Papert S. and Harel, I. eds.,1991. Constructionism. Westport, Conn.: Ablex. Sutton, R.S. and Barto, A.G.,1998. Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. Williamson, B., 1998. The Lego: FetchBot. [WWW] Freelug. Available from  http://perso.freelug.org/benw/fetchbot/index.html . This report on Meteorite or Puck Hunt: Autonomous Mobile Robot was written and submitted by user 3-D Man to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Criticisms

and not reality. In this sense, Kant sees the Ontological argument as an exercise in verbal analysis, the means where anyone can anaylse the meaning of a word or concept, and draw a logical explanation from it. Therefore, Anselms’ word... Criticisms Free Essays on The Existence Of God - Approaches/Criticisms The existence of God - Approaches/Criticisms There are three major arguments that attempt to explain the existence of God. Firstly, it is important to establish a definition of God. According to philosophers God is an infinitely perfect being that upholds a divine unity of ultimate goodness and of ultimate power. God is referred to as Omniscient, Omnipotent and Eternal. God has unlimited knowledge and intelligence, so basically God is the ultimate model of perfectionism. Though all Philosophers agree with this definition of God, it does not state whether or not this ideal concept of God exists. The Ontological, Cosmological and Teleological have been developed throughout time to attempt to prove God existence. There have also been many criticisms into these arguments, which attempt to disprove each argument. The Ontological argument was developed by Anselm; a theist who argued for the existence of God. In his argument he refers to God as a perfect being, therefore ‘that than which nothing greater can be conceived’. He began his argument by saying that even a ‘fool’ (atheist) can grasp or understand the concept of a being than of ‘which nothing greater can be conceived’ as they already have an understanding or idea of what it means in their mind. Though this idea exists in their mind, it does not mean God doesn’t exist in reality. Anselm refers to God as a perfect being, and because he is so perfect he must have infinite perfectionism, therefore Anselm is arguing that if God lacked existence he would not be perfect, as he is perfect he must exist. There are many criticisms to why Anselm’s Ontological argument fails. Kant saw Anselm’s argument as merely a word game, playing on words and not reality. In this sense, Kant sees the Ontological argument as an exercise in verbal analysis, the means where anyone can anaylse the meaning of a word or concept, and draw a logical explanation from it. Therefore, Anselms’ word...

The Giver by Lois Lowry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Giver by Lois Lowry - Essay Example Theirs is a rigidly controlled society where there is no suffering, hunger, war and also no color, sex, music or love. The â€Å"Elders† controls everything like who will become husband and wife, the son and daughter they will receive to take care of and the job to be assigned at the proper time which is at twelve years of age. A person can be released from the community if he is really old, a sick infant or those persons who break the rules. Jonas discovers after a year of training that people being released were actually being given lethal injection. Jonas was angered by such discovery so he, together with the Giver, devised a plan of escape for Jonas together with Gabriel, the sick baby who is to be released through lethal injection the next day. But then, their plan did not work out. In trying to escape, Jonas experience so much hardships and starvation. The reader is left to interpret it the way he looks at how the story ended. Being a book critic, he said that he likes the book because it could entertain the reader. He gave as example the way Jonas first experience happiness, pain and sadness. According to him it’s funny at how Jonas felt simple things like seeing and feeling snow and feeling the warmth of the sun turn incredible for him. He also wanders what love is when given the memory of love by the Giver who told him that it’s his favorite emotion. Another instance is when Jonas wonders hoe life in his world will be if it is filled with colors and memories and emotion. This critic also said that to show true emotion, the author showed a tearful Jonas when he found out that his father, a doctor, administers lethal injection to infants who are released from the community for being sick and weak. Because of this, he does not want to live with his father who is a killer. Another example is when Jonas begins to fall in love with Fiona, his friend whom he saw naked in his dream. The book also relays a good message saying that war is bad

3 question for 2 case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

3 question for 2 - Case Study Example 21). Children Act 1989, section 47. The Act outlines the duty to enquire where there are grounds to believe that a child is being subjected to physical, emotional and sexual harm or neglect currently or in future. A89, section 44, local authorities or other concerned individuals to follow a court procedure to remove a child who is in immediate danger It stipulates that the child should remain in a safe place or access to a child is authorized where it is unreasonably denied. If Jamie is prone to immediate danger while living in Tim’s house, an Emergency Protection Order could be applied. This would take at least 8 days giving the local authority time to assess the situation and decide on how to protect Jamie. They may put him under foster care. Children Act 1989, Schedule 2 outlines the powers of local authorities to provide assistance in areas of finance, counselling and other services that might cut down on the effect of disability in a household. The Children Act 1989 contains an important principle of partnership. This means that social service providers must work in conjunction with the families to protect the child and closely with other institutions like schools. Family Law Act 1996, section 42 which provides for a re non-molestation order. Breach of this order is an offence. It also covers domestic violence protection and orders between sections 24 and 30 of the Crime and Security Act. This is relevant for Rose’s protection. She might seek a non-molestation order against Tim to stop him from assaulting her. Tim would be arrested if he breaches the order (Harris-Short, Miles, 2011, p. 257). Rose is being harassed by Tim and this brings up fear of violence. If Tim is charged he might be ordered to stay away from Rose and breach of this order would lead to arrest (Great Britain, 2014, p. 159). The Act Data Protection of 1998 and data protection principles,

Burts Bees Essay Example for Free

Burts Bees Essay A while back in 2007, Burts Bee’s was bought out by Clorox for $913 million. In buying Burts Bee’s Clorox is promising to go green. This was Clorox’s start in buying out other green companies to help them achieve their goal in going completely green. Mr. Shavitz and Ms. Quimby the original owners of Burt’s Bees had a huge fall out that began in the late 1990’s which has been going on ever since. (1) The reason that Clorox was willing to pay almost $1 Billion for Burts Bee’s because they see a big opportunity in the market to make their products green. The Burt’s Bess is really into the whole giving back to the community, and always helping. A few events they have done for the community is Urban Gardening when they teamed up with NEEM, to help make Durham, North Carolina greener, and help them plant more community gardens. Another event that they have done is help create green homes in North Carolina. As I was looking on the Burt’s Bees website on their most frequently asked questions someone asked how they can receive donations, and the answer the company gave threw me aback. â€Å"At this time, Burts Bees is not currently providing product or financial donations. We remain committed to supporting local community organizations committed to The Greater Good† (2) Personally in reading this I feel like if they want to help create that customer satisfaction, they should be willing to help everyone go green and not just the community. Since the buyout according to Clorox, their natural care products already account for over $6 billion in sales and is growing at a fast rate. The sales are climbing to a yearly rate of around 9%. As for the stalk holder Clorox states, they rose from $1. 69, 2. 8%. to $62. 69. This was a huge boost for the stockholders, and for people who wanted to buy into the stalk. As of 25th 2013, the stalks are at $83. 25. (3) This was also helping Clorox’s public relations by helping them get well known. Clorox does a whole bunch of press releases to help show that they have turned green. They also do press releases when they win an award or do contests for people to enter. When you go on the Clorox website they give you three options to choose from, Press Releases, Media Resources, and Press contacts. Since working together with Burt’s Bee’s, Clorox is also trying to get more involved in the community which they never used to do. On their website they state, â€Å"Clorox knows that it cant do it alone and actively seeks partners and other affiliations to help us become a more sustainable company. Clorox also cares. In addition to our work to make Clorox a more sustainable company, we strive to make a positive eco impact beyond Clorox. † (4) Clorox donates nearly $1 million dollars to environmental causes. Some of things they do to help the community is they donate products to the Save the Frogs, and Save the California Oaks. They also have their own foundations to help Keep America Beautiful.

Dolomite and Peaty Wheat Straw Essay -- Film, Race

I have seen many from Dolomite and Peaty Wheat Straw by Rudy Ray Moore, Willy Dynamite starring Roscoe Orman, and The Mack Starring Max Julien and so on. The way these actors portrayed the characters of Willy Dynamite, Dolomite, and Goldie the way the talked the jive the way they walked the walk more than likely set the black race back by decades. Grabbing there groins and having a glide in their stride, wearing big hats, capes, and over exaggerated gestures help create stereotypes and threadbare ideals of the black race that are prevalent even today. In 1987, Robert Townsend wrote, starred, and directed a behind the scenes parody of those types of movies called Hollywood Shuffle, while on one hand Townsend is exhibiting his blackness by pointing out the obvious bias behavior of the white studios but also exhibiting the talent and recognition seeking of the black actor. Townsend’s almost biographical parody of movies, television shows not only his range as an actor but also h is since of humor of the angst of being an actor chosen solely for the color of your skin. Robert Townsend through situational and dramatic irony and by exhibiting how the white ideals shape the identity and description of what is black and how Hollywood has warped it. Robert Townsend plays Bobby Taylor a struggling young man actor who is with a healthy imagination and a dream of becoming a serious actor. Bobby family reluctantly supports him in his endeavors but his mother, and grandmother played by Starletta DuPois and Helen Martin secretly pass judgment on his chosen career path while his co-worker Donald and Tiny at the Winky-Dinky Dog played by co writer Keenan Ivory Wayans and Lou B. Washington openly mocks his dream. Crushed are Bobby dreams of playi... ...ood Shuffle" And "I'm Gonna Git You Sucka." Cinema Journal 38.3 (1999): 50-66. JSTOR Arts & Sciences III. Web. 3 Dec. 2011. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Mask. New York: Grove, 1967. Print. Grant, William R. Post-soul Black Cinema: Discontinuities, Innovations, and Breakpoints, 1970-1995. New York: Routledge, 2004. Print. Harrison, C. "W.J.T. Mitchell, What Do Pictures Want? Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. 380 Pp., 16 Col. Plates, 84 Halftones, 10 Line Drawings. Hardback $35, 24.50 ISBN 0-226-53245-3." Journal of Visual Culture 6.1 (2007): 160-63. Print. "The Souls of Black Folk Study Guide - W. E. B. Du Bois - ENotes.com." ENotes - Literature Study Guides, Lesson Plans, and More. Web. 03 Dec. 2011. . Tourà ©. Who's Afraid of Post-blackness?: What It Means to Be Black Now. New York: Free, 2011. Print.

Influence of Tv Violence to the Behavior Essay

Thus, the influence of TV violence to the children particularly in the Cebu can cause negative changes in their behavior. An experiment shows that children when exposed to televised violence, exhibited the aggressive behavior they have observed – hitting, kicking and using hostile language. Prior to that time, the prevailing theory was that televised violence drained aggressive impulses. This is also the reason why television has become a growing source of parental anxiety where parents worry about the amount and kinds of program their children watch. This study aims to talk about TV violence and its effects on the behavior of the children and the ways to handle it. In order to achieve this goal, this paper is organized into three sections. The first section helps us know about the children’s understanding of television. The second section discusses the influence and effects of TV violence to the behavior of Filipino children which is the main concern of this study. And the third section offers suggestions in handling and regulating TV violence. Chapter II Presentation of Data Children’s Understanding of TV According to research, before age seven, children have difficulty integrating separate scenes into a continuous story line. Instead, they treat each scene as an isolated incident and are unable to relate a TV character’s behavior to its prior motives and eventual consequences. Thus, young children cannot see the connection between violence and its consequences if the perpetrator of violence gets to be punished only at the end of the program. Studies show that young children recall little information that is central to the plot of a story. Their difficulty ranges from their inability to differentiate what is essential to the plot and what is nonessential. Character actions, especially those showing physical actions and confrontations, are remembered better than scenes offering explanations for their actions. Children find it hard to recall scenes recounting inner feelings that explain previous events. Young children also have a hard time distinguishing make-believe from reality. A five-year-old child wondered why an actor who â€Å"died† in one TV program â€Å"came back to life† in another show; and if Superman can fly, why can’t he (the child) even if he wears a Superman cape. Children observe that cartoon characters manage to recover from severe violent acts almost immediately. This kind of exposure could lead them to interpret that in real life, people who are victims of violent acts do not really get hurt at all. A conversation between an author and a six-year-old clearly illustrates the kind of message a child gets from a cartoon program: â€Å"Why is GI Joe your favorite show? † â€Å"Because it has a lot of fighting. † â€Å"Who would you like to be like when you grow up? † â€Å"I want to be like Rambo because he has a big gun. † â€Å"What happens to the bad guys you shoot? † â€Å"They die. † â€Å"And what happens to you? † â€Å"Nothing. Young children who watch a lot of television tend to believe that it is all right to hit someone if one is angry and have a good reason. (Source: http://www. childprotection. org. ph) Influence and Effects of TV Violence Upon meeting Snow White at Disneyland, a p reschooler said to her, â€Å"You’re not Snow White, you know. † â€Å"Why do you say that? † asked Snow White. â€Å"Well,† the child replied, â€Å"if you were real, you’d be a cartoon. † And this is how powerful the media is in shaping children’s images of reality. (http://www. stanford. edu/dept/bingschool/research_dsl_1999bandura. html) The Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 4 Child psychologists point out that it is a misconception to consider cartoons as harmless just because they are funny. The theme of cartoons such as Popeye is that any problem can be solved by brute force which one acquires by eating spinach. In being funny and fast paced, cartoons may tend to reduce a child’s perception of danger, pain, and suffering. TV violence can produce at least four effects. First, it teaches aggressive styles of conduct. Second, it weakens restraints against aggression by glamorizing violence. When good triumphs over evil violently, viewers are even more strongly influenced. Third, it habituates and desensitizes reactions to cruelty. And finally, it shapes our images of reality; for example, only 10% of major crimes in society are violent, but on TV, 77% of major crimes are violent, which has the effect of making people more fearful of becoming crime victims. Psychologist have speculated that watching televised violence might be emotionally arousing, making it more likely that viewers will react violently to frustrations in the environment. Televised violence might also provide models that viewers imitate, particularly if the violence is carried out by attractive, powerful models (Bernstein, et al, 284). The Social Learning Theory considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling. The ten-year old boy, Sergio Pelico who died after watching Saddam’s execution in TV must have imitated it. (Lucas, et al, 103) This theory together with other theories was used to explain a great many social problems such as crime, suicide, divorce and alcoholism. Furthermore, there are some people who could easily be influenced by propaganda and they would through themselves into new mass organizations in an effort to find some sense of belongingness. Stark, 21) The mass media especially the television, also contributes heavily to adolescent nonconformity in three ways. First, they stereotype all adolescents whose grooming and clothing do not reflect approved adult standards as nonconformists and attribute the behavior characteristic of nonconformity to them. If society labels its adolescents as â€Å"teen-agers† and expe cts them to be rebellious, unpredictable, sloppy, and wild in their behavior, and if the picture is repeatedly reinforced by the mass media such cultural expectations may very well force adolescents into the role of rebel. The mass media contribute to adolescent nonconformity by making real life appear unsatisfying and dull. (Hurlock, 124) A survey was conducted concerning the influence and effects of TV violence to the behavior of the children in Cebu City. The survey aims to know how children are linked to television and how it affects them and their parents. The results of the survey are shown on the next pages. . Survey results The percentage of the parents’ answers based on the following questions: Question # 1: Does your child love to watch suspense movies that involve killing? Question # 2: Does your child watch television for more than 8 hours? The Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 7 Question # 3: Are you worried about the kinds of television program that they watch? Question #4: Have you noticed any negative changes in your child’s behavior after watching television? The Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 8 Question #5: Does your child spend more time watching television than other necessary things like studying? Question # 6: Do they pay more attention to the television than to you? The Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 9 The survey shows that most children pay more attention to the television than to their parents. A mother even commented, â€Å"Maayo pa sauna nga wala pay TV kay ang mga bata buotan† (It was better before the television came because children are still kind and obedient). Most children that are 8-12 years old spend more time in front the TV than doing other necessary things like studying. And what’s the bad thing is that if children are used to watching television, they will be exposed to violence that might influence their behavior. Although not all children are watching television for more than 8 hours, the effects of television are still prone to children. Some parents even admitted that they have observed some negative changes in their child’s behavior after watching a television show that has some bad scenes in it since children tend to imitate the things they have seen from the show without knowing that it might be wrong. Several scholars have pointed out that as media content has increased in violence in the past few decades, violent crimes among youth have declined rapidly. Although most scholars caution that this decline cannot be attributed to a causal effect, they conclude that this observation argues against causal harmful effects for media violence. Regulating TV Violence Parents worry about the kinds of television programs that their children watch. The urgency and seriousness of this issue on media violence has reached global proportions. A worldwide concern has prompted parents, educators, advocacy groups, and mental health professionals to launch protest activities and public discussions on how children can be protected against harmful media influences. Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 10 A number of bills were filed to mitigate the negative effects of televised violence. House Bill 19183 proposes a ratings system for TV programs. House Bill 10183 provides that cartoons featuring violence and unethical conduct should be aired only during times when young children are not usually watching. The Kapisanan ng Mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas has its code and internal guidelines. Relevant sections pertaining to responsibility towards children are: – Children’s programs shall not present violence, whether physical or psychological, as a means to resolve conflicts and problems. – Children’s programs shall not emphasize perverted sex and undue violence. – Penalties have been stipulated for violations of these rules. These include fines ranging from P5, 000 to P15, 000, suspension of KBP privileges, expulsion from KBP membership, to recommendation to the National Telecommunications Commission for suspension of station lease for the fourth offense. Consequently, The Department of Education are monitoring television channels through a project aimed at reducing violent content that might be watched by children. The campaign involves TV shows between 6 a. m. and 10 a. m. , which the DepEd claims to be the period where more children watch TV. Their goal is to have stations comply by reducing violent or vulgar shows by as much as 20 percent. The campaign also encourages parents and concerned citizens to send reports or file complaints to NCCT regarding TV shows that may be harmful for children. Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 11 Television is not merely bad since it is used as a means of communication and as a means of educating but what makes it wrong is the way people abuse its use and the way some of them used television to expose violent actions without even thinking how it could affect the viewers. The effects of TV violence are no doubt harmful especially to children. These may cause negative changes in their behavior one of which is being aggressive. That is why children should be guided by their parents or guardians so that will not be influenced by the words they hear and the things they see. When viewing together, they can discuss how the conflict could have been solved without the violence. They should explain to the child how violence in entertainment is â€Å"faked† and not real. Such interventions, whether at the personal or family level can moderate the impact of violent scenes on children. Adult explanation improves children’s understanding of plots, characters, and events. Co-viewing with children can provide occasions for parents to discuss values, beliefs, and moral issues. Parents should also set clear guidelines on the time and length of television viewing. Perhaps the most effective approach in dealing with this problem of television violence should be systemic and multilevel—changes must take place at the home, school, and industry levels. Though researches have all pointed to the association between televised violence and aggression in children, what a child learns from television may be â€Å"a product of the broader relationship among medium, child, and parent† Thus, active, responsible parental involvement in the child’s television viewing does make a great difference. Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 12 Chapter III Conclusion Television has become a potent agency of socialization because like the family, school, and peers, it directly provides the child with experiences which shape their attitudes and influence their behaviors. Children that are exposed to TV violence can experience negative changes in their behavior. First, it can teach aggressive styles of conduct. Second, it weakens restraints against aggression by glamorizing violence. Third, it habituates and desensitizes reactions to cruelty. And finally, it shapes our images of reality. In order to handle this, a number of bills were filed to mitigate the negative effects of televised violence. Parents can also encourage their children to find pleasure in other mass media, such as books and newspapers. Perhaps the most appropriate solution in dealing with this must take place at home, school and industry. Thus, active, responsible parental guidance is very necessary. The power to initiate change for the prevention of the harmful effects of TV violence should come from the â€Å"market†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ not a market that passively laps up unhealthy and disturbing programs that assault young, sensitive minds, but a market that is critical, enlightened, and imbued with a strong resolve to protect children’s well-being and right to wholesome entertainment. Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 13 Chapter 1V Bibliography Books Lucas, Maria Rita and Corpuz, Brenda. Facilitating Learning: A Metacognitive Process. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc. , 2007. Stark, Rodney.

Nothing - 1505 Words

1. Attempt A Marxist Reading of Jane Austen’s â€Å"Pride amp; Prejudice. Ans. :- Marxism is basically the idea that society is driven by money and the economy. In Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice for example, Mrs. Bennett is the height of Marxism since her singular goal is to marry off all her daughters to wealthy men. Another example is that almost every character except Elizabeth and Darcy is preoccupied with the income of their potential partner. Since the Bennetts are brought up within an upper class society, the illusion of power is found within their characters. They have the freedom to do what they want and make their own decisions because they are not controlled by a higher power. Of course, the Bingleys and the Darcys have a much†¦show more content†¦In addition, the wives of men in the novel are treated at times like they’re below the â€Å"man of the house.† One example of this inferior treatment inWuthering Heights is, again, with Isabella. When Heathcliff beats Isabella, there isn’t much she can do within the law to stop Heathcliff because, in order to make Heathcliff stop physically abusing her, she would have to prove (in a court probably partial towards men) that her life was in danger as a result of the abuse. The law back in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s day really favored men over women and put women at a great disadvantage. I think the topic that will garner even more attention from contemporary feminist critics will be â€Å"the role of film and other popular media in the construction of the feminine gender† (Brontà « 451). I remember the very first article our class blogged on about how people are reading less. With more people now turning to other forms of entertainment like watching movies, the creators of movies add their opinions in them and help shape the public’s ideas. Oftentimes, the public isn’t even aware that the shaping process is occurring. Feminist critics, then, will carefully examine these newer and more popular forms of entertainment and make serious efforts to raise the public’s awareness of underlying patriarchal ideology. Reading the sentence, â€Å"French feminists tended to focus their attention onShow MoreRelated I Don’t Have a Topic for My Research Paper, So I’m Writing about Nothing2826 Words   |  12 PagesWhat is nothing? Though at first, the response may seem like little more than a play on words, the simple answer is this: Nothing is not. No word such as anything or everything can be added at the end of the statement to further clarify the crucial concept, which is non-existence: the dictionary definition of nothing. In actuality, though, although the denotation of nothing insists on absolute absence and void, in today’s society nothing is actually quite present, masquerading as something indeedRead MorePersuasive Essay On Buy Nothing Day946 Words   |  4 Pagesorganized to increase awareness of excessive consumerism, called Buy Nothing Day. It urged citizens to not purchase any goods within a twenty four hour period. Since 1992, this day has been held yearly in many other nations. Citizens have conflicting viewpoints on the role of Buy Nothing Day as to whether it is successful or unsuccessful, however I believe it is unsuccessful for countries to implement. While annual Buy Nothing Day increases awareness to excessive consumerism and exposes the environmentalRead MoreArgumentative Essay Buy Nothing Day702 Words   |  3 PagesBuy Nothing Day The first ever Buy Nothing Day was held in Canada on 1992. 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